Definition
- many different definitions
- summary
- located within groups of people - collective phenomenon
Analogies
🧅 Onion - Layers
- cultures have multiple layers
- visible layers
- behavior, patterns, technology, art
- hidden layers
- relationship to environment
- reality, time and space
- human nature / activity / relationships
🐟 Fish - Familiarity
- the fish is familiar in the river
- doesn’t know there is anything else, unless taken out of the water
👓 Glasses - Perception
- interpretation of what we see
🌳 Tree - Structure
- stem: central values/norms/habits/history
- branches: subcultures and variations
3 Factor Model
Actors
- Designing org. encounters
- Developing relationships
- Influencing relationships within and between organizations
Culture
- May to explain situations, but does not have to. In that
case actors and institutions relevant
Institutions
- Enables and limits social action
- Represent sanctionable rules and norms
- Moral norms, societal expectations
3 Level Model
- micro level: actor
- interactions such as leadership and cooperations
- values, ideas, constraints, interests and power constellations
- meso level: organization
- organization structure and culture
- objectives, strategies, values, structures, processes , identities and routines
- macro level: societies
- social, political, economic and cultural institutions
- values, standards, rules